Overview
Salbutamol (Albuterol) is a short-acting β2-adrenergic receptor agonist used as a bronchodilator for the relief and prevention of bronchospasm in conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It acts rapidly to open airways and improve breathing.
Mechanism of Action
Selectively stimulates β2-adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle, leading to relaxation via activation of adenylate cyclase and increased cyclic AMP. This results in bronchodilation and inhibition of mediator release from mast cells.
Indications
- Relief of acute bronchospasm in asthma
- Prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm
- Management of reversible obstructive airway disease
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Dosage
Inhalation: Adults and children ≥4 years: 1-2 inhalations every 4-6 hours as needed for acute symptoms. Maximum: 8 inhalations in 24 hours. Oral: Adults: 2-4 mg 3-4 times daily; Children: 0.1-0.2 mg/kg/dose 3-4 times daily (max 8 mg/day).
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to salbutamol or any component
- Tachyarrhythmias
- Severe cardiac disease
Side Effects
- Tremor
- Headache
- Tachycardia
- Palpitations
- Nervousness
- Muscle cramps
- Hypokalemia
- Throat irritation
- Cough
Interactions
- Beta-blockers (may antagonize bronchodilator effects)
- Diuretics (may increase risk of hypokalemia)
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) and tricyclic antidepressants (may potentiate cardiovascular effects)
- Digoxin (risk of hypokalemia may increase digoxin toxicity)