Overview
DESCRIPTION Pyridostigmine bromide is an orally active cholinesterase inhibitor. Chemically, pyridostigmine bromide is 3-hydroxy-1-methylpyridinium bromide dimethylcarbamate. Its structural formula is: Each Pyridostigmine Bromide Tablet USP intended for oral administration contains 60 mg of pyridostigmine bromide USP.
Mechanism of Action
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY Pyridostigmine bromide inhibits the destruction of acetylcholine by cholinesterase and thereby permits freer transmission of nerve impulses across the neuromuscular junction. Pyridostigmine is an analog of neostigmine (Prostigmin TM ), but differs from it in certain clinically significant respects; for example, pyridostigmine is characterized by a longer duration of action and fewer gastrointestinal side effects.
Indications
- INDICATIONS AND USAGE Pyridostigmine Bromide Tablets USP are useful in the treatment of myasthenia gravis.
Common Doses
- 60 mg
Dosage
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Each Pyridostigmine Bromide Tablet contains 60 mg pyridostigmine bromide. Dosage The size and frequency of the dosage must be adjusted to the needs of the individual patient. The average dose is ten 60 mg tablets daily, spaced to provide maximum relief when maximum strength is needed. In severe cases as many as twenty-five tablets a day may be required, while in mild cases one to six tablets a day may suffice.
Contraindications
- CONTRAINDICATIONS Pyridostigmine bromide tablets are contraindicated in mechanical intestinal or urinary obstruction, and particular caution should be used in its administration to patients with bronchial asthma. Care should be observed in the use of atropine for counteracting side effects, as discussed below.
Side Effects
- ADVERSE REACTIONS The side effects of pyridostigmine bromide are most commonly related to overdosage and generally are of two varieties, muscarinic and nicotinic. Among those in the former group are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, increased peristalsis, increased salivation, increased bronchial secretions, miosis and diaphoresis. Nicotinic side effects are comprised chiefly of muscle cramps, fasciculation and weakness. Muscarinic side effects can usually be counteracted by atropine, but for reasons shown in the preceding section the expedient is not without danger.
Interactions
- No major interactions listed on the FDA label. Always consult a healthcare professional.