Overview
Pseudoephedrine is a sympathomimetic amine nasal decongestant that works by constricting blood vessels in the nasal passages to relieve congestion. It is commonly used for temporary relief of nasal and sinus congestion associated with colds, allergies, and upper respiratory infections. Available in various formulations including extended-release tablets.
Mechanism of Action
Pseudoephedrine is a sympathomimetic amine that acts as an alpha-adrenergic receptor agonist, causing vasoconstriction of dilated blood vessels in the nasal mucosa. This reduces tissue edema, nasal congestion, and improves sinus drainage without significant effects on beta-adrenergic receptors at therapeutic doses.
Indications
- Temporary relief of nasal congestion due to the common cold
- Temporary relief of nasal congestion due to hay fever or other upper respiratory allergies
- Temporary relief of sinus congestion and pressure
Common Doses
- 30 mg immediate-release tablets
- 60 mg extended-release tablets
- 120 mg extended-release tablets
- 15 mg/5 mL liquid formulations
Dosage
Adults and children 12 years and over: Take 1 tablet every 12 hours. Do not take more than 2 tablets in 24 hours. Children under 12 years: Do not use this product in children under 12 years of age.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to pseudoephedrine or any component of the formulation
- Concurrent use or within 14 days of MAO inhibitor therapy
- Severe hypertension or coronary artery disease
- Severe hyperthyroidism
Side Effects
- Nervousness
- Dizziness
- Sleeplessness
- Headache
- Nausea
- Dry mouth
- Palpitations
- Tachycardia
- Hypertension
- Urinary retention in patients with prostatic hypertrophy
Interactions
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs): Risk of hypertensive crisis
- Other sympathomimetic agents: Additive cardiovascular effects
- Beta-blockers: Potential paradoxical hypertension
- Antihypertensive medications: May reduce effectiveness
Counseling Points
- Take exactly as directed, do not exceed recommended dosage
- Extended-release tablets should be swallowed whole, not crushed or chewed
- May cause nervousness or sleeplessness, avoid taking near bedtime
- Drink plenty of fluids unless otherwise directed
- Consult healthcare provider if symptoms persist beyond 7 days or worsen
- Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat
- Keep out of reach of children