Overview
Progesterone (micronized) is a bioidentical hormone supplement used to support pregnancy and treat menstrual disorders. It provides progesterone replacement therapy for conditions involving progesterone deficiency, typically administered vaginally or orally depending on the formulation.
Mechanism of Action
Progesterone is a natural steroid hormone that binds to progesterone receptors, inducing secretory changes in the endometrium, maintaining pregnancy by inhibiting uterine contractions, and supporting embryo implantation through hormonal regulation.
Indications
- Secondary amenorrhea
- Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
- Luteal phase support in assisted reproductive technology
- Progesterone deficiency states
Common Doses
- 100 mg
- 200 mg
- 400 mg
Dosage
Typically 200-400 mg daily in divided doses, with specific regimens varying by indication and route of administration. Vaginal administration is common for luteal phase support.
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to progesterone or any component
- Undiagnosed abnormal genital bleeding
- Known or suspected breast cancer
- Active thrombophlebitis or thromboembolic disorders
- History of hormone-sensitive malignancies
- Severe liver dysfunction
Side Effects
- Headache
- Breast tenderness
- Dizziness
- Nausea
- Fatigue
- Bloating
- Mood changes
- Breakthrough bleeding
- Local irritation with vaginal administration
Interactions
- Enzyme inducers (rifampin, carbamazepine) may reduce progesterone effectiveness
- May increase effects of CNS depressants
- Potential interaction with drugs metabolized by CYP450 enzymes
Counseling Points
- Take at consistent times daily
- Report unusual bleeding, chest pain, shortness of breath, or severe headaches immediately
- Vaginal administration may cause discharge - use panty liners
- Avoid alcohol which may increase dizziness
- Do not stop abruptly without medical guidance