Overview
DESCRIPTION Mepivacaine hydrochloride is 2-Piperidinecarboxamide, N-(2, 6-dimethylphenyl)-1-methyl-, monohydrochloride and has the following structural formula: C 15H 22N 2O • HCl It is a white, crystalline, odorless powder, soluble in water, but very resistant to both acid and alkaline hydrolysis.
Mechanism of Action
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY Local anesthetics block the generation and the conduction of nerve impulses, presumably by increasing the threshold for electrical excitation in the nerve, by slowing the propagation of the nerve impulse, and by reducing the rate of rise of the action potential. In general, the progression of anesthesia is related to the diameter, myelination, and conduction velocity of affected nerve fibers. Clinically, the order of loss of nerve function is as follows: pain, temperature, touch, proprioception, and skeletal muscle tone. Systemic absorption of local anesthetics produces effects on the cardiovascular and central nervous systems.
Indications
- INDICATIONS & USAGE POLOCAINE (Mepivacaine HCl Injection, USP), is indicated for production of local or regional analgesia and anesthesia by local infiltration, peripheral nerve block techniques, and central neural techniques including epidural and caudal blocks. The routes of administration and indicated concentrations for mepivacaine are: See DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION for additional information. Standard textbooks should be consulted to determine the accepted procedures and techniques for the administration of mepivacaine. INDICATIONS & USAGE
Common Doses
- 400 mg
- 7 mg
- 550 mg
- 000 mg
Dosage
DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION The dose of any local anesthetic administered varies with the anesthetic procedure, the area to be anesthetized, the vascularity of the tissues, the number of neuronal segments to be blocked, the depth of anesthesia and degree of muscle relaxation required, the duration of anesthesia desired, individual tolerance and the physical condition of the patient. The smallest dose and concentration required to produce the desired result should be administered.
Contraindications
- CONTRAINDICATIONS Mepivacaine is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to it or to any local anesthetic agent of the amide-type or to other components of solutions of mepivacaine.
Side Effects
- ADVERSE REACTIONS To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC at 1-800-551-7176 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. Reactions to mepivacaine are characteristic of those associated with other amide-type local anesthetics. A major cause of adverse reactions to this group of drugs is excessive plasma levels, which may be due to overdosage, inadvertent intravascular injection, or slow metabolic degradation.
Interactions
- No major interactions listed on the FDA label. Always consult a healthcare professional.