Overview
Ofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic available as an ophthalmic solution for treating bacterial eye infections. It works by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, effectively treating conjunctivitis and corneal ulcers caused by susceptible organisms. This topical formulation minimizes systemic absorption while delivering targeted antimicrobial activity to ocular tissues.
Mechanism of Action
Ofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV, enzymes essential for DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination. This bactericidal action disrupts bacterial DNA synthesis, leading to cell death in susceptible organisms.
Indications
- Bacterial conjunctivitis caused by susceptible Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
- Bacterial corneal ulcers caused by susceptible Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
Common Doses
- 0.3% ophthalmic solution
Dosage
For bacterial conjunctivitis: Days 1-2: 1-2 drops every 2-4 hours in affected eye(s). Days 3-7: 1-2 drops four times daily. For bacterial corneal ulcers: Days 1-2: 1-2 drops every 30 minutes while awake, plus awaken at 4 and 6 hours after retiring for additional doses. Days 3-7/9: 1-2 drops hourly while awake. Days 7/9 through completion: 1-2 drops four times daily.
Contraindications
- History of hypersensitivity to ofloxacin
- Hypersensitivity to other quinolones
- Hypersensitivity to any components of the medication
Side Effects
- Transient ocular burning or discomfort
- Stinging, redness, itching
- Chemical conjunctivitis/keratitis
- Ocular/periocular/facial edema
- Foreign body sensation, photophobia
- Blurred vision, tearing, dryness, eye pain
- Rare: dizziness, nausea
Interactions
- No specific drug interactions reported for ophthalmic use, but systemic quinolones interact with antacids, sucralfate, iron, zinc, and dairy products
- Concurrent use with corticosteroids may mask infection
- Avoid contact lens wear during treatment
Counseling Points
- Wash hands before administration
- Do not touch dropper tip to any surface to avoid contamination
- Wait at least 5 minutes between different eye medications
- Remove contact lenses before administration and wait 15 minutes before reinsertion
- Complete full course even if symptoms improve
- Report severe eye pain, vision changes, or signs of allergic reaction immediately