Overview
Lincomycin is a lincosamide antibiotic used primarily for treating serious infections caused by susceptible anaerobic bacteria and certain gram-positive organisms. It works by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis and is particularly effective against Bacteroides fragilis and other anaerobes. The drug is administered via injection for systemic infections.
Mechanism of Action
Lincomycin binds to the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting protein synthesis by interfering with peptidyl transferase activity. This bacteriostatic action prevents bacterial growth, particularly effective against anaerobic bacteria and some gram-positive cocci.
Indications
- Treatment of serious infections caused by susceptible anaerobic bacteria
- Infections due to susceptible strains of streptococci, pneumococci, and staphylococci
- Alternative therapy for patients allergic to penicillin or when other antibiotics are ineffective
Common Doses
- 600 mg injection
- 1 g injection
- 500 mg capsules
Dosage
Typical adult dosage is 600 mg intramuscularly every 12-24 hours or 600 mg to 1 g intravenously every 8-12 hours. Duration depends on infection severity and clinical response, usually 7-14 days for serious infections.
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to lincomycin or clindamycin
- Patients with a history of antibiotic-associated colitis
Side Effects
- Gastrointestinal disturbances (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
- Pseudomembranous colitis (watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps)
- Hypersensitivity reactions (rash, urticaria, anaphylaxis)
- Hepatic dysfunction (elevated liver enzymes)
- Blood dyscrasias (neutropenia, thrombocytopenia)
Interactions
- Neuromuscular blocking agents (enhanced neuromuscular blockade)
- Kaolin-pectin (reduced absorption when given orally)
- Erythromycin (antagonistic effect, avoid concurrent use)
Counseling Points
- Complete full course of therapy even if symptoms improve
- Report severe diarrhea, abdominal pain, or bloody stools immediately
- Inform healthcare provider of all medications being taken
- Avoid antidiarrheal medications if diarrhea develops during treatment