Overview
DESCRIPTION Intralipid ® 10% (A 10% Intravenous Fat Emulsion) is a sterile, non-pyrogenic fat emulsion prepared for intravenous administration as a source of calories and essential fatty acids. It is made up of 10% Soybean Oil, 1.2% Egg Yolk Phospholipids, 2.25% Glycerin, and Water for Injection. In addition, sodium hydroxide has been added to adjust the pH so that the final product pH is 8.
Mechanism of Action
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY Intralipid 10% is metabolized and utilized as a source of energy causing an increase in heat production, decrease in respiratory quotient and increase in oxygen consumption. The infused fat particles are cleared from the blood stream in a manner thought to be comparable to the clearing of chylomicrons. Intralipid 10% will prevent the biochemical lesions of essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD) and correct the clinical manifestations of the EFAD syndrome.
Indications
- INDICATIONS AND USAGE Intralipid ® 10% is indicated as a source of calories and essential fatty acids for patients requiring parenteral nutrition for extended periods of time (usually for more than 5 days) and as a source of essential fatty acids for prevention of EFAD.
Common Doses
- 1 mL
- 2 mL
- 500 mL
- 2.5 g
Dosage
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Intralipid 10% should be administered as a part of Intravenous nutrition via peripheral vein or by central venous infusion. Adult Patients The initial rate of infusion in adults should be 1 mL/minute for the first 15 to 30 minutes of infusion. If no untoward reactions occur (see ADVERSE REACTIONS section), the infusion rate can be increased to 2 mL/minute. Not more than 500 mL of Intralipid 10% (A 10% I.V. Fat Emulsion) should be infused into adults on the first day of therapy. If the patient has no untoward reactions, the dose can be increased on the following day.
Black Box Warning
WARNINGS Deaths in preterm infants after infusion of intravenous fat emulsion have been reported in the medical literature 2 . Autopsy findings included intravascular fat accumulation in the lungs. Treatment of premature and low birth weight infants with intravenous fat emulsion must be based upon careful benefit-risk assessment. Strict adherence to the recommended total daily dose is mandatory; hourly infusion rate should be as slow as possible in each case and should not in any case exceed 1 g fat/kg in four hours.
Contraindications
- CONTRAINDICATIONS Intralipid 10% is contraindicated in patients with: Disturbances of normal fat metabolism such as pathologic hyperlipemia, lipoid nephrosis or acute pancreatitis if accompanied by hyperlipidemia. Known hypersensitivity to egg, soybean, peanut protein, or to any of the active ingredients or excipients of Intralipid 10%.
Side Effects
- ADVERSE REACTIONS The adverse reactions observed can be separated into two classes: Those more frequently encountered are due: either to contamination of the intravenous catheter and result in sepsis, or to vein irritation by concurrently infused hypertonic solutions and may result in thrombophlebitis. These adverse reactions are inseparable from the hyperalimentation procedure with or without Intralipid 10% (A 10% I.V. Fat Emulsion).
Interactions
- No major interactions listed on the FDA label. Always consult a healthcare professional.