Overview
DESCRIPTION Glycopyrrolate Injection, USP is a synthetic anticholinergic agent. Each 1 mL contains: Glycopyrrolate, USP 0.2 mg Water for Injection, USP q.s. Benzyl Alcohol, NF 0.9% (preservative) pH adjusted, when necessary, with hydrochloric acid and/or sodium hydroxide. For Intramuscular (IM) or Intravenous (IV) administration.
Mechanism of Action
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY Glycopyrrolate, like other anticholinergic (antimuscarinic) agents, inhibits the action of acetylcholine on structures innervated by postganglionic cholinergic nerves and on smooth muscles that respond to acetylcholine but lack cholinergic innervation. These peripheral cholinergic receptors are present in the autonomic effector cells of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, the sinoatrial node, the atrioventricular node, exocrine glands and, to a limited degree, in the autonomic ganglia. Thus, it diminishes the volume and free acidity of gastric secretions and controls excessive pharyngeal, tracheal, and bronchial secretions. Glycopyrrolate antagonizes muscarinic symptoms (e.g.
Indications
- INDICATIONS AND USAGE In Anesthesia Glycopyrrolate Injection is indicated for use as a preoperative antimuscarinic to reduce salivary, tracheobronchial, and pharyngeal secretions; to reduce the volume and free acidity of gastric secretions; and to block cardiac vagal inhibitory reflexes during induction of anesthesia and intubation. When indicated, Glycopyrrolate Injection may be used intraoperatively to counteract surgically or drug-induced or vagal reflexes associated arrhythmias. Glycopyrrolate protects against the peripheral muscarinic effects (e.g.
Common Doses
- 0.004 mg
- 0.1 mg
- 0.2 mg
- 1 mg
Dosage
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION NOTE: CONTAINS BENZYL ALCOHOL ( see PRECAUTIONS ). Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration whenever solution and container permit. For single-dose vials only, discard unused portion. Glycopyrrolate injection may be administered intramuscularly, or intravenously, without dilution, in the following indications. Adults PREANESTHETIC MEDICATION The recommended dose of glycopyrrolate injection is 0.
Contraindications
- CONTRAINDICATIONS Known hypersensitivity to glycopyrrolate or any of its inactive ingredients. In addition, in the management of peptic ulcer patients, because of the longer duration of therapy, glycopyrrolate injection may be contraindicated in patients with the following concurrent conditions: glaucoma; obstructive uropathy (for example, bladder neck obstruction due to prostatic hypertrophy); obstructive disease of the gastrointestinal tract (as in achalasia, pyloroduodenal stenosis, etc.
Side Effects
- ADVERSE REACTIONS Anticholinergics, including glycopyrrolate injection, can produce certain effects, most of which are extensions of their pharmacologic actions. Adverse reactions may include xerostomia (dry mouth); urinary hesitancy and retention; blurred vision and photophobia due to mydriasis (dilation of the pupil); cycloplegia; increased ocular tension; tachycardia; palpitation; decreased sweating; loss of taste; headache; nervousness; drowsiness; weakness; dizziness; insomnia; nausea; vomiting; impotence; suppression of lactation; constipation; bloated feeling; severe allergic reactions...
Interactions
- Drug Interactions The concurrent use of glycopyrrolate injection with other anticholinergics or medications with anticholinergic activity, such as phenothiazines, antiparkinson drugs, or tricyclic antidepressants, may intensify the antimuscarinic effects and may result in an increase in anticholinergic side effects. Concomitant administration of glycopyrrolate injection and potassium chloride in a wax matrix may increase the severity of potassium chloride-induced gastrointestinal lesions as a result of a slower gastrointestinal transit time.