Overview
Dorzolamide hydrochloride is a topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used to reduce elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. It is administered as an ophthalmic solution.
Mechanism of Action
Dorzolamide inhibits carbonic anhydrase II in the ciliary processes of the eye. This reduces aqueous humor secretion by decreasing bicarbonate ion formation, leading to reduced sodium and fluid transport. The result is a decrease in intraocular pressure.
Indications
- Open-angle glaucoma
- Ocular hypertension
Dosage
hthalmic Solution 2%: One drop in the affected eye(s) three times daily (if used alone) One drop twice daily when used with topical beta-blockers If using multiple ophthalmic medications, separate administration by at least 5 minutes.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to dorzolamide or any component of the formulation
- Severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min)
Side Effects
- Ocular burning/stinging
- Bitter taste
- Conjunctivitis
- Blurred vision
- Less common: Eyelid inflammation
- Less common: Corneal reactions
- Rare but serious: Severe skin reactions (e.g., Stevens-Johnson syndrome)
Interactions
- High-dose salicylates (potential interaction)
- Oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (additive effects)
Counseling Points
- Stings upon application. Prescription only.