Overview
11 DESCRIPTION Darbepoetin alfa is an erythropoiesis-stimulating protein that is produced in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells by recombinant DNA technology. Darbepoetin alfa is a 165-amino acid protein that differs from recombinant human erythropoietin in containing 5 N-linked oligosaccharide chains, whereas recombinant human erythropoietin contains 3 chains.
Mechanism of Action
12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 12.1 Mechanism of Action Aranesp stimulates erythropoiesis by the same mechanism as endogenous erythropoietin. 12.2 Pharmacodynamics Increased hemoglobin levels are not generally observed until 2 to 6 weeks after initiating treatment with Aranesp. 12.3 Pharmacokinetics Adult Patients with CKD The pharmacokinetics of Aranesp were studied in patients with CKD receiving or not receiving dialysis and patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy. Following intravenous administration of Aranesp to patients with CKD receiving dialysis, Aranesp serum concentration-time profiles were biphasic, with a distribution half-life of approximately 1.4 hours and a mean terminal half-life (t 1/2 ) of 21 hours.
Indications
- 1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Aranesp is an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) indicated for the treatment of anemia due to: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in patients on dialysis and patients not on dialysis ( 1.1 ). The effects of concomitant myelosuppressive chemotherapy, and upon initiation, there is a minimum of two additional months of planned chemotherapy ( 1.2 ). Limitations of Use Aranesp has not been shown to improve quality of life, fatigue, or patient well-being ( 1.3 ).
Common Doses
- 0.45 mcg
- 0.75 mcg
- 2.25 mcg
- 500 mcg
Dosage
2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Recommended starting dose for patients with CKD on dialysis ( 2.2 ): - 0.45 mcg/kg intravenously or subcutaneously weekly, or - 0.75 mcg/kg intravenously or subcutaneously every 2 weeks - Intravenous route is recommended for patients on hemodialysis Recommended starting dose for patients with CKD not on dialysis ( 2.2 ): - 0.45 mcg/kg intravenously or subcutaneously at 4 week intervals Recommended starting dose for pediatric patients with CKD: - 0.45 mcg/kg intravenously or subcutaneously weekly - patients with CKD not on dialysis may also be initiated at 0.
Black Box Warning
WARNING: ESAs INCREASE THE RISK OF DEATH, MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, STROKE, VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM, THROMBOSIS OF VASCULAR ACCESS AND TUMOR PROGRESSION OR RECURRENCE Chronic Kidney Disease: In controlled trials, patients experienced greater risks for death, serious adverse cardiovascular reactions, and stroke when administered erythropoiesis -stimulating agents (ESAs) to target a hemoglobin level of greater than 11 g/dL [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] .
Contraindications
- 4 CONTRAINDICATIONS Aranesp is contraindicated in patients with: Uncontrolled hypertension [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] . Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) that begins after treatment with Aranesp or other erythropoietin protein drugs [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.6 )] . Serious allergic reactions to Aranesp [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.7 )] . Uncontrolled hypertension ( 4 ) Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) that begins after treatment with Aranesp or other erythropoietin protein drugs ( 4 ) Serious allergic reactions to Aranesp ( 4 )
Side Effects
- 6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following clinically significant adverse reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections of the label: Increased Mortality, Myocardial Infarction, Stroke, and Thromboembolism [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] Increased Mortality and/or Increased Risk of Tumor Progression or Recurrence in Patients with Cancer [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] Hypertension [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] Seizures [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )] Pure Red Cell Aplasia [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.
Interactions
- No major interactions listed on the FDA label. Always consult a healthcare professional.