Overview
Bromhexine is a mucolytic agent used to facilitate expectoration by reducing sputum viscosity. It works by increasing the production of serous secretions in the respiratory tract and depolymerizing mucopolysaccharide fibers. This medication is indicated for respiratory conditions with excessive or viscous mucus.
Mechanism of Action
Bromhexine is a synthetic derivative of the alkaloid vasicine. It acts as a mucolytic agent by increasing the production of serous respiratory tract secretions and depolymerizing acidic mucopolysaccharide fibers in bronchial mucus, thereby reducing sputum viscosity and facilitating expectoration.
Indications
- Symptomatic treatment of acute and chronic bronchopulmonary disorders associated with abnormal mucus secretion and impaired mucus transport
- Conditions with viscous mucus such as chronic bronchitis, asthma, and bronchiectasis
Common Doses
- 8 mg
- 16 mg
Dosage
Adults: Typically 8-16 mg three times daily. Children: Dosage adjusted based on age and weight. The powder formulation should be dissolved in water before administration.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to bromhexine or any component of the formulation
- Patients with severe hepatic impairment
- Peptic ulcer disease (relative contraindication due to potential gastric irritation)
Side Effects
- Gastrointestinal disturbances (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, epigastric pain)
- Headache, dizziness
- Allergic skin reactions (rash, urticaria)
- Elevated liver enzymes in rare cases
Interactions
- May enhance the penetration of antibiotics (particularly amoxicillin) into bronchial secretions
- No significant interactions with CYP450 enzymes reported
- Theoretical interaction with cough suppressants (antitussives) which may reduce expectoration efficacy
Counseling Points
- Take with plenty of fluids to enhance mucolytic effect
- Dissolve powder completely in water before consumption
- Report severe gastrointestinal symptoms or allergic reactions
- Do not use as substitute for antibiotics in bacterial infections
- Maintain adequate hydration while using this medication