Overview
Benzocaine is a local anesthetic of the ester type used topically to relieve pain and itching associated with minor skin irritations, sore throat, teething, and other conditions. It works by blocking nerve signals in the body.
Mechanism of Action
Benzocaine is a local anesthetic that blocks sodium ion channels in neuronal membranes, preventing the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses, thereby producing a reversible loss of sensation in the area of application.
Indications
- Temporary relief of pain and itching associated with minor skin irritations
- Sore throat pain relief
- Teething pain in infants and children
- Mouth and gum irritation
- Minor burns, sunburn, insect bites
- Hemorrhoids (in some formulations)
Dosage
Apply topically to affected area as needed, usually 3-4 times daily. For teething: apply a small amount to gums with clean finger or cotton swab up to 4 times daily. For sore throat: spray or use lozenges as directed, typically every 2 hours as needed.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to benzocaine or other ester-type local anesthetics
- Methemoglobinemia history
- Infants under 2 years old for teething products (FDA warning)
- Broken skin or deep puncture wounds
- Severe burns or extensive skin conditions
Side Effects
- Local irritation, burning, or stinging
- Allergic contact dermatitis
- Methemoglobinemia (rare but serious)
- Mouth numbness
- Taste alterations
- Swelling at application site
- Rash or itching
Interactions
- Sulfonamides may increase risk of methemoglobinemia
- Other local anesthetics may have additive effects
- Anticholinergic drugs may enhance systemic absorption