Overview
Beclometasone (also spelled beclomethasone) is a synthetic corticosteroid used primarily as an anti-inflammatory agent in the treatment of asthma and allergic rhinitis. It acts locally in the lungs or nasal passages with minimal systemic absorption when used correctly.
Mechanism of Action
Beclometasone is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist. It binds to intracellular glucocorticoid receptors, leading to the synthesis of anti-inflammatory proteins and inhibition of inflammatory mediators (e.g., cytokines, leukotrienes). This reduces airway inflammation, edema, and mucus secretion in asthma and allergic conditions.
Indications
- Bronchial asthma (maintenance therapy)
- Allergic rhinitis
- Nasal polyps
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in some formulations
Dosage
Inhaler: Adults: 100-400 mcg twice daily; Children: 50-200 mcg twice daily. Nasal spray: 1-2 sprays per nostril once or twice daily. Dosage should be individualized based on severity and response.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to beclometasone or any component
- Active untreated fungal, bacterial, or viral respiratory infections
- Status asthmaticus or acute asthma attacks (not for rescue)
Side Effects
- Oral candidiasis (thrush)
- Hoarseness or dysphonia
- Cough or throat irritation
- Headache
- Nasal irritation or epistaxis (with nasal spray)
- Adrenal suppression (with high doses)
- Growth retardation in children (long-term use)
Interactions
- Ketoconazole and other CYP3A4 inhibitors may increase systemic exposure
- Other corticosteroids may increase risk of adrenal suppression
- No significant interactions with most asthma medications (e.g., bronchodilators)